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  <div class="section" id="s-module-django.utils.log">
<span id="s-logging"></span><span id="module-django.utils.log"></span><span id="logging"></span><h1>Logging<a class="headerlink" href="#module-django.utils.log" title="永久链接至标题">¶</a></h1>
<div class="section" id="s-a-quick-logging-primer">
<span id="a-quick-logging-primer"></span><h2>A quick logging primer<a class="headerlink" href="#a-quick-logging-primer" title="永久链接至标题">¶</a></h2>
<p>Django uses Python's builtin <a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/logging.html#module-logging" title="(在 Python v3.9)"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">logging</span></code></a> module to perform system logging.
The usage of this module is discussed in detail in Python's own documentation.
However, if you've never used Python's logging framework (or even if you have),
here's a quick primer.</p>
<div class="section" id="s-the-cast-of-players">
<span id="the-cast-of-players"></span><h3>The cast of players<a class="headerlink" href="#the-cast-of-players" title="永久链接至标题">¶</a></h3>
<p>A Python logging configuration consists of four parts:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#topic-logging-parts-loggers"><span class="std std-ref">Loggers</span></a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#topic-logging-parts-handlers"><span class="std std-ref">Handlers</span></a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#topic-logging-parts-filters"><span class="std std-ref">Filters</span></a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#topic-logging-parts-formatters"><span class="std std-ref">Formatters</span></a></li>
</ul>
<div class="section" id="s-loggers">
<span id="s-topic-logging-parts-loggers"></span><span id="loggers"></span><span id="topic-logging-parts-loggers"></span><h4>Loggers<a class="headerlink" href="#loggers" title="永久链接至标题">¶</a></h4>
<p>A logger is the entry point into the logging system. Each logger is
a named bucket to which messages can be written for processing.</p>
<p>A logger is configured to have a <em>log level</em>. This log level describes
the severity of the messages that the logger will handle. Python
defines the following log levels:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DEBUG</span></code>: Low level system information for debugging purposes</li>
<li><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">INFO</span></code>: General system information</li>
<li><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">WARNING</span></code>: Information describing a minor problem that has
occurred.</li>
<li><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ERROR</span></code>: Information describing a major problem that has
occurred.</li>
<li><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">CRITICAL</span></code>: Information describing a critical problem that has
occurred.</li>
</ul>
<p>Each message that is written to the logger is a <em>Log Record</em>. Each log
record also has a <em>log level</em> indicating the severity of that specific
message. A log record can also contain useful metadata that describes
the event that is being logged. This can include details such as a
stack trace or an error code.</p>
<p>When a message is given to the logger, the log level of the message is
compared to the log level of the logger. If the log level of the
message meets or exceeds the log level of the logger itself, the
message will undergo further processing. If it doesn't, the message
will be ignored.</p>
<p>Once a logger has determined that a message needs to be processed,
it is passed to a <em>Handler</em>.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="s-handlers">
<span id="s-topic-logging-parts-handlers"></span><span id="handlers"></span><span id="topic-logging-parts-handlers"></span><h4>Handlers<a class="headerlink" href="#handlers" title="永久链接至标题">¶</a></h4>
<p>The handler is the engine that determines what happens to each message
in a logger. It describes a particular logging behavior, such as
writing a message to the screen, to a file, or to a network socket.</p>
<p>Like loggers, handlers also have a log level. If the log level of a
log record doesn't meet or exceed the level of the handler, the
handler will ignore the message.</p>
<p>A logger can have multiple handlers, and each handler can have a
different log level. In this way, it is possible to provide different
forms of notification depending on the importance of a message. For
example, you could install one handler that forwards <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ERROR</span></code> and
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">CRITICAL</span></code> messages to a paging service, while a second handler
logs all messages (including <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ERROR</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">CRITICAL</span></code> messages) to a
file for later analysis.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="s-filters">
<span id="s-topic-logging-parts-filters"></span><span id="filters"></span><span id="topic-logging-parts-filters"></span><h4>Filters<a class="headerlink" href="#filters" title="永久链接至标题">¶</a></h4>
<p>A filter is used to provide additional control over which log records
are passed from logger to handler.</p>
<p>By default, any log message that meets log level requirements will be
handled. However, by installing a filter, you can place additional
criteria on the logging process. For example, you could install a
filter that only allows <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ERROR</span></code> messages from a particular source to
be emitted.</p>
<p>Filters can also be used to modify the logging record prior to being
emitted. For example, you could write a filter that downgrades
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ERROR</span></code> log records to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">WARNING</span></code> records if a particular set of
criteria are met.</p>
<p>Filters can be installed on loggers or on handlers; multiple filters
can be used in a chain to perform multiple filtering actions.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="s-formatters">
<span id="s-topic-logging-parts-formatters"></span><span id="formatters"></span><span id="topic-logging-parts-formatters"></span><h4>Formatters<a class="headerlink" href="#formatters" title="永久链接至标题">¶</a></h4>
<p>Ultimately, a log record needs to be rendered as text. Formatters
describe the exact format of that text. A formatter usually consists
of a Python formatting string containing
<a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/logging.html#logrecord-attributes" title="(在 Python v3.9)"><span class="xref std std-ref">LogRecord attributes</span></a>; however,
you can also write custom formatters to implement specific formatting behavior.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="s-using-logging">
<span id="using-logging"></span><h2>Using logging<a class="headerlink" href="#using-logging" title="永久链接至标题">¶</a></h2>
<p>Once you have configured your loggers, handlers, filters and
formatters, you need to place logging calls into your code. Using the
logging framework works like this:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1"># import the logging library</span>
<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">logging</span>

<span class="c1"># Get an instance of a logger</span>
<span class="n">logger</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">logging</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">getLogger</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="vm">__name__</span><span class="p">)</span>

<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">my_view</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">request</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">arg1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">arg</span><span class="p">):</span>
    <span class="o">...</span>
    <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">bad_mojo</span><span class="p">:</span>
        <span class="c1"># Log an error message</span>
        <span class="n">logger</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">error</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;Something went wrong!&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>And that's it! Every time the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bad_mojo</span></code> condition is activated, an
error log record will be written.</p>
<div class="section" id="s-naming-loggers">
<span id="naming-loggers"></span><h3>Naming loggers<a class="headerlink" href="#naming-loggers" title="永久链接至标题">¶</a></h3>
<p>The call to <a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/logging.html#logging.getLogger" title="(在 Python v3.9)"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">logging.getLogger()</span></code></a> obtains (creating, if
necessary) an instance of a logger. The logger instance is identified
by a name. This name is used to identify the logger for configuration
purposes.</p>
<p>By convention, the logger name is usually <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__name__</span></code>, the name of
the Python module that contains the logger. This allows you to filter
and handle logging calls on a per-module basis. However, if you have
some other way of organizing your logging messages, you can provide
any dot-separated name to identify your logger:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1"># Get an instance of a specific named logger</span>
<span class="n">logger</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">logging</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">getLogger</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;project.interesting.stuff&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>The dotted paths of logger names define a hierarchy. The
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">project.interesting</span></code> logger is considered to be a parent of the
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">project.interesting.stuff</span></code> logger; the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">project</span></code> logger
is a parent of the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">project.interesting</span></code> logger.</p>
<p>Why is the hierarchy important? Well, because loggers can be set to
<em>propagate</em> their logging calls to their parents. In this way, you can
define a single set of handlers at the root of a logger tree, and
capture all logging calls in the subtree of loggers. A logger defined
in the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">project</span></code> namespace will catch all logging messages issued on
the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">project.interesting</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">project.interesting.stuff</span></code> loggers.</p>
<p>This propagation can be controlled on a per-logger basis. If
you don't want a particular logger to propagate to its parents, you
can turn off this behavior.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="s-making-logging-calls">
<span id="making-logging-calls"></span><h3>Making logging calls<a class="headerlink" href="#making-logging-calls" title="永久链接至标题">¶</a></h3>
<p>The logger instance contains an entry method for each of the default
log levels:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">logger.debug()</span></code></li>
<li><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">logger.info()</span></code></li>
<li><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">logger.warning()</span></code></li>
<li><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">logger.error()</span></code></li>
<li><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">logger.critical()</span></code></li>
</ul>
<p>There are two other logging calls available:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">logger.log()</span></code>: Manually emits a logging message with a
specific log level.</li>
<li><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">logger.exception()</span></code>: Creates an <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ERROR</span></code> level logging
message wrapping the current exception stack frame.</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="s-configuring-logging">
<span id="s-id1"></span><span id="configuring-logging"></span><span id="id1"></span><h2>Configuring logging<a class="headerlink" href="#configuring-logging" title="永久链接至标题">¶</a></h2>
<p>It isn't enough to just put logging calls into your code. You also need to
configure the loggers, handlers, filters, and formatters to ensure you can use
the logging output.</p>
<p>Python's logging library provides several techniques to configure
logging, ranging from a programmatic interface to configuration files.
By default, Django uses the <a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/logging.config.html#logging-config-dictschema" title="(在 Python v3.9)"><span class="xref std std-ref">dictConfig format</span></a>.</p>
<p>In order to configure logging, you use <a class="reference internal" href="../ref/settings.html#std:setting-LOGGING"><code class="xref std std-setting docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">LOGGING</span></code></a> to define a
dictionary of logging settings. These settings describes the loggers,
handlers, filters and formatters that you want in your logging setup,
and the log levels and other properties that you want those components
to have.</p>
<p>By default, the <a class="reference internal" href="../ref/settings.html#std:setting-LOGGING"><code class="xref std std-setting docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">LOGGING</span></code></a> setting is merged with <a class="reference internal" href="#default-logging-configuration"><span class="std std-ref">Django's
default logging configuration</span></a> using the
following scheme.</p>
<p>If the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">disable_existing_loggers</span></code> key in the <a class="reference internal" href="../ref/settings.html#std:setting-LOGGING"><code class="xref std std-setting docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">LOGGING</span></code></a> dictConfig is
set to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">True</span></code> (which is the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">dictConfig</span></code> default if the key is missing)
then all loggers from the default configuration will be disabled. Disabled
loggers are not the same as removed; the logger will still exist, but will
silently discard anything logged to it, not even propagating entries to a
parent logger. Thus you should be very careful using
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'disable_existing_loggers':</span> <span class="pre">True</span></code>; it's probably not what you want. Instead,
you can set <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">disable_existing_loggers</span></code> to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">False</span></code> and redefine some or all
of the default loggers; or you can set <a class="reference internal" href="../ref/settings.html#std:setting-LOGGING_CONFIG"><code class="xref std std-setting docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">LOGGING_CONFIG</span></code></a> to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code>
and <a class="reference internal" href="#disabling-logging-configuration"><span class="std std-ref">handle logging config yourself</span></a>.</p>
<p>Logging is configured as part of the general Django <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">setup()</span></code> function.
Therefore, you can be certain that loggers are always ready for use in your
project code.</p>
<div class="section" id="s-examples">
<span id="examples"></span><h3>Examples<a class="headerlink" href="#examples" title="永久链接至标题">¶</a></h3>
<p>The full documentation for <a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/logging.config.html#logging-config-dictschema" title="(在 Python v3.9)"><span class="xref std std-ref">dictConfig format</span></a>
is the best source of information about logging configuration dictionaries.
However, to give you a taste of what is possible, here are several examples.</p>
<p>To begin, here's a small configuration that will allow you to output all log
messages to the console:</p>
<div class="literal-block-wrapper docutils container" id="id6">
<div class="code-block-caption"><span class="caption-text">settings.py</span><a class="headerlink" href="#id6" title="永久链接至代码">¶</a></div>
<div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">os</span>

<span class="n">LOGGING</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">{</span>
    <span class="s1">&#39;version&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span>
    <span class="s1">&#39;disable_existing_loggers&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="kc">False</span><span class="p">,</span>
    <span class="s1">&#39;handlers&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">{</span>
        <span class="s1">&#39;console&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">{</span>
            <span class="s1">&#39;class&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s1">&#39;logging.StreamHandler&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
        <span class="p">},</span>
    <span class="p">},</span>
    <span class="s1">&#39;root&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">{</span>
        <span class="s1">&#39;handlers&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;console&#39;</span><span class="p">],</span>
        <span class="s1">&#39;level&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s1">&#39;WARNING&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
    <span class="p">},</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<p>This configures the parent <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">root</span></code> logger to send messages with the
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">WARNING</span></code> level and higher to the console handler. By adjusting the level to
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">INFO</span></code> or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DEBUG</span></code> you can display more messages. This may be useful during
development.</p>
<p>Next we can add more fine-grained logging. Here's an example of how to make the
logging system print more messages from just the <a class="reference internal" href="#django-logger"><span class="std std-ref">django</span></a> named
logger:</p>
<div class="literal-block-wrapper docutils container" id="id7">
<div class="code-block-caption"><span class="caption-text">settings.py</span><a class="headerlink" href="#id7" title="永久链接至代码">¶</a></div>
<div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">os</span>

<span class="n">LOGGING</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">{</span>
    <span class="s1">&#39;version&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span>
    <span class="s1">&#39;disable_existing_loggers&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="kc">False</span><span class="p">,</span>
    <span class="s1">&#39;handlers&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">{</span>
        <span class="s1">&#39;console&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">{</span>
            <span class="s1">&#39;class&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s1">&#39;logging.StreamHandler&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
        <span class="p">},</span>
    <span class="p">},</span>
    <span class="s1">&#39;root&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">{</span>
        <span class="s1">&#39;handlers&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;console&#39;</span><span class="p">],</span>
        <span class="s1">&#39;level&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s1">&#39;WARNING&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
    <span class="p">},</span>
    <span class="s1">&#39;loggers&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">{</span>
        <span class="s1">&#39;django&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">{</span>
            <span class="s1">&#39;handlers&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;console&#39;</span><span class="p">],</span>
            <span class="s1">&#39;level&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">os</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">getenv</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;DJANGO_LOG_LEVEL&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;INFO&#39;</span><span class="p">),</span>
            <span class="s1">&#39;propagate&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="kc">False</span><span class="p">,</span>
        <span class="p">},</span>
    <span class="p">},</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<p>By default, this config sends messages from the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">django</span></code> logger of level
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">INFO</span></code> or higher to the console. This is the same level as Django's default
logging config, except that the default config only displays log records when
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DEBUG=True</span></code>. Django does not log many such <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">INFO</span></code> level messages. With
this config, however, you can also set the environment variable
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DJANGO_LOG_LEVEL=DEBUG</span></code> to see all of Django's debug logging which is very
verbose as it includes all database queries.</p>
<p>You don't have to log to the console. Here's a configuration which writes all
logging from the <a class="reference internal" href="#django-logger"><span class="std std-ref">django</span></a> named logger to a local file:</p>
<div class="literal-block-wrapper docutils container" id="id8">
<div class="code-block-caption"><span class="caption-text">settings.py</span><a class="headerlink" href="#id8" title="永久链接至代码">¶</a></div>
<div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">LOGGING</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">{</span>
    <span class="s1">&#39;version&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span>
    <span class="s1">&#39;disable_existing_loggers&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="kc">False</span><span class="p">,</span>
    <span class="s1">&#39;handlers&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">{</span>
        <span class="s1">&#39;file&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">{</span>
            <span class="s1">&#39;level&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s1">&#39;DEBUG&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
            <span class="s1">&#39;class&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s1">&#39;logging.FileHandler&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
            <span class="s1">&#39;filename&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s1">&#39;/path/to/django/debug.log&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
        <span class="p">},</span>
    <span class="p">},</span>
    <span class="s1">&#39;loggers&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">{</span>
        <span class="s1">&#39;django&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">{</span>
            <span class="s1">&#39;handlers&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;file&#39;</span><span class="p">],</span>
            <span class="s1">&#39;level&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s1">&#39;DEBUG&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
            <span class="s1">&#39;propagate&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">,</span>
        <span class="p">},</span>
    <span class="p">},</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<p>If you use this example, be sure to change the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'filename'</span></code> path to a
location that's writable by the user that's running the Django application.</p>
<p>Finally, here's an example of a fairly complex logging setup:</p>
<div class="literal-block-wrapper docutils container" id="id9">
<div class="code-block-caption"><span class="caption-text">settings.py</span><a class="headerlink" href="#id9" title="永久链接至代码">¶</a></div>
<div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">LOGGING</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">{</span>
    <span class="s1">&#39;version&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span>
    <span class="s1">&#39;disable_existing_loggers&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="kc">False</span><span class="p">,</span>
    <span class="s1">&#39;formatters&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">{</span>
        <span class="s1">&#39;verbose&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">{</span>
            <span class="s1">&#39;format&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s1">&#39;</span><span class="si">{levelname}</span><span class="s1"> </span><span class="si">{asctime}</span><span class="s1"> </span><span class="si">{module}</span><span class="s1"> </span><span class="si">{process:d}</span><span class="s1"> </span><span class="si">{thread:d}</span><span class="s1"> </span><span class="si">{message}</span><span class="s1">&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
            <span class="s1">&#39;style&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s1">&#39;{&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
        <span class="p">},</span>
        <span class="s1">&#39;simple&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">{</span>
            <span class="s1">&#39;format&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s1">&#39;</span><span class="si">{levelname}</span><span class="s1"> </span><span class="si">{message}</span><span class="s1">&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
            <span class="s1">&#39;style&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s1">&#39;{&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
        <span class="p">},</span>
    <span class="p">},</span>
    <span class="s1">&#39;filters&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">{</span>
        <span class="s1">&#39;special&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">{</span>
            <span class="s1">&#39;()&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s1">&#39;project.logging.SpecialFilter&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
            <span class="s1">&#39;foo&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s1">&#39;bar&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
        <span class="p">},</span>
        <span class="s1">&#39;require_debug_true&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">{</span>
            <span class="s1">&#39;()&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s1">&#39;django.utils.log.RequireDebugTrue&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
        <span class="p">},</span>
    <span class="p">},</span>
    <span class="s1">&#39;handlers&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">{</span>
        <span class="s1">&#39;console&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">{</span>
            <span class="s1">&#39;level&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s1">&#39;INFO&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
            <span class="s1">&#39;filters&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;require_debug_true&#39;</span><span class="p">],</span>
            <span class="s1">&#39;class&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s1">&#39;logging.StreamHandler&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
            <span class="s1">&#39;formatter&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s1">&#39;simple&#39;</span>
        <span class="p">},</span>
        <span class="s1">&#39;mail_admins&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">{</span>
            <span class="s1">&#39;level&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s1">&#39;ERROR&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
            <span class="s1">&#39;class&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s1">&#39;django.utils.log.AdminEmailHandler&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
            <span class="s1">&#39;filters&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;special&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span>
        <span class="p">}</span>
    <span class="p">},</span>
    <span class="s1">&#39;loggers&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">{</span>
        <span class="s1">&#39;django&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">{</span>
            <span class="s1">&#39;handlers&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;console&#39;</span><span class="p">],</span>
            <span class="s1">&#39;propagate&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">,</span>
        <span class="p">},</span>
        <span class="s1">&#39;django.request&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">{</span>
            <span class="s1">&#39;handlers&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;mail_admins&#39;</span><span class="p">],</span>
            <span class="s1">&#39;level&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s1">&#39;ERROR&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
            <span class="s1">&#39;propagate&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="kc">False</span><span class="p">,</span>
        <span class="p">},</span>
        <span class="s1">&#39;myproject.custom&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">{</span>
            <span class="s1">&#39;handlers&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;console&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;mail_admins&#39;</span><span class="p">],</span>
            <span class="s1">&#39;level&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s1">&#39;INFO&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
            <span class="s1">&#39;filters&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;special&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span>
        <span class="p">}</span>
    <span class="p">}</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<p>This logging configuration does the following things:</p>
<ul>
<li><p class="first">Identifies the configuration as being in 'dictConfig version 1'
format. At present, this is the only dictConfig format version.</p>
</li>
<li><p class="first">Defines two formatters:</p>
<ul>
<li><p class="first"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">simple</span></code>, that outputs the log level name (e.g., <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DEBUG</span></code>) and the log
message.</p>
<p>The <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">format</span></code> string is a normal Python formatting string
describing the details that are to be output on each logging
line. The full list of detail that can be output can be
found in <a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/logging.html#formatter-objects" title="(在 Python v3.9)"><span>Formatter Objects</span></a>.</p>
</li>
<li><p class="first"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">verbose</span></code>, that outputs the log level name, the log
message, plus the time, process, thread and module that
generate the log message.</p>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p class="first">Defines two filters:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">project.logging.SpecialFilter</span></code>, using the alias <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">special</span></code>. If this
filter required additional arguments, they can be provided as additional
keys in the filter configuration dictionary. In this case, the argument
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">foo</span></code> will be given a value of <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bar</span></code> when instantiating
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SpecialFilter</span></code>.</li>
<li><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">django.utils.log.RequireDebugTrue</span></code>, which passes on records when
<a class="reference internal" href="../ref/settings.html#std:setting-DEBUG"><code class="xref std std-setting docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DEBUG</span></code></a> is <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">True</span></code>.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p class="first">Defines two handlers:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">console</span></code>, a <a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/logging.handlers.html#logging.StreamHandler" title="(在 Python v3.9)"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">StreamHandler</span></code></a>, which prints any <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">INFO</span></code>
(or higher) message to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sys.stderr</span></code>. This handler uses the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">simple</span></code>
output format.</li>
<li><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">mail_admins</span></code>, an <a class="reference internal" href="#django.utils.log.AdminEmailHandler" title="django.utils.log.AdminEmailHandler"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">AdminEmailHandler</span></code></a>, which emails any <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ERROR</span></code>
(or higher) message to the site <a class="reference internal" href="../ref/settings.html#std:setting-ADMINS"><code class="xref std std-setting docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ADMINS</span></code></a>. This handler uses the
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">special</span></code> filter.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p class="first">Configures three loggers:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">django</span></code>, which passes all messages to the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">console</span></code> handler.</li>
<li><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">django.request</span></code>, which passes all <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ERROR</span></code> messages to
the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">mail_admins</span></code> handler. In addition, this logger is
marked to <em>not</em> propagate messages. This means that log
messages written to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">django.request</span></code> will not be handled
by the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">django</span></code> logger.</li>
<li><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">myproject.custom</span></code>, which passes all messages at <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">INFO</span></code>
or higher that also pass the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">special</span></code> filter to two
handlers -- the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">console</span></code>, and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">mail_admins</span></code>. This
means that all <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">INFO</span></code> level messages (or higher) will be
printed to the console; <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ERROR</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">CRITICAL</span></code>
messages will also be output via email.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="section" id="s-custom-logging-configuration">
<span id="custom-logging-configuration"></span><h3>Custom logging configuration<a class="headerlink" href="#custom-logging-configuration" title="永久链接至标题">¶</a></h3>
<p>If you don't want to use Python's dictConfig format to configure your
logger, you can specify your own configuration scheme.</p>
<p>The <a class="reference internal" href="../ref/settings.html#std:setting-LOGGING_CONFIG"><code class="xref std std-setting docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">LOGGING_CONFIG</span></code></a> setting defines the callable that will
be used to configure Django's loggers. By default, it points at
Python's <a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/logging.config.html#logging.config.dictConfig" title="(在 Python v3.9)"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">logging.config.dictConfig()</span></code></a> function. However, if you want to
use a different configuration process, you can use any other callable
that takes a single argument. The contents of <a class="reference internal" href="../ref/settings.html#std:setting-LOGGING"><code class="xref std std-setting docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">LOGGING</span></code></a> will
be provided as the value of that argument when logging is configured.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="s-disabling-logging-configuration">
<span id="s-id2"></span><span id="disabling-logging-configuration"></span><span id="id2"></span><h3>Disabling logging configuration<a class="headerlink" href="#disabling-logging-configuration" title="永久链接至标题">¶</a></h3>
<p>If you don't want to configure logging at all (or you want to manually
configure logging using your own approach), you can set
<a class="reference internal" href="../ref/settings.html#std:setting-LOGGING_CONFIG"><code class="xref std std-setting docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">LOGGING_CONFIG</span></code></a> to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code>. This will disable the
configuration process for <a class="reference internal" href="#default-logging-configuration"><span class="std std-ref">Django's default logging</span></a>.</p>
<p>Setting <a class="reference internal" href="../ref/settings.html#std:setting-LOGGING_CONFIG"><code class="xref std std-setting docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">LOGGING_CONFIG</span></code></a> to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code> only means that the automatic
configuration process is disabled, not logging itself. If you disable the
configuration process, Django will still make logging calls, falling back to
whatever default logging behavior is defined.</p>
<p>Here's an example that disables Django's logging configuration and then
manually configures logging:</p>
<div class="literal-block-wrapper docutils container" id="id10">
<div class="code-block-caption"><span class="caption-text">settings.py</span><a class="headerlink" href="#id10" title="永久链接至代码">¶</a></div>
<div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">LOGGING_CONFIG</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">None</span>

<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">logging.config</span>
<span class="n">logging</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">config</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">dictConfig</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">...</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<p>Note that the default configuration process only calls
<a class="reference internal" href="../ref/settings.html#std:setting-LOGGING_CONFIG"><code class="xref std std-setting docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">LOGGING_CONFIG</span></code></a> once settings are fully-loaded. In contrast, manually
configuring the logging in your settings file will load your logging config
immediately. As such, your logging config must appear <em>after</em> any settings on
which it depends.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="s-django-s-logging-extensions">
<span id="django-s-logging-extensions"></span><h2>Django's logging extensions<a class="headerlink" href="#django-s-logging-extensions" title="永久链接至标题">¶</a></h2>
<p>Django provides a number of utilities to handle the unique
requirements of logging in Web server environment.</p>
<div class="section" id="s-id3">
<span id="id3"></span><h3>Loggers<a class="headerlink" href="#id3" title="永久链接至标题">¶</a></h3>
<p>Django provides several built-in loggers.</p>
<div class="section" id="s-django">
<span id="s-django-logger"></span><span id="django"></span><span id="django-logger"></span><h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">django</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#django" title="永久链接至标题">¶</a></h4>
<p>The catch-all logger for messages in the  <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">django</span></code> hierarchy. No messages are
posted using this name but instead using one of the loggers below.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="s-django-request">
<span id="s-django-request-logger"></span><span id="django-request"></span><span id="django-request-logger"></span><h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">django.request</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#django-request" title="永久链接至标题">¶</a></h4>
<p>Log messages related to the handling of requests. 5XX responses are
raised as <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ERROR</span></code> messages; 4XX responses are raised as <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">WARNING</span></code>
messages. Requests that are logged to the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">django.security</span></code> logger aren't
logged to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">django.request</span></code>.</p>
<p>Messages to this logger have the following extra context:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">status_code</span></code>: The HTTP response code associated with the
request.</li>
<li><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">request</span></code>: The request object that generated the logging
message.</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="section" id="s-django-server">
<span id="s-django-server-logger"></span><span id="django-server"></span><span id="django-server-logger"></span><h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">django.server</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#django-server" title="永久链接至标题">¶</a></h4>
<p>Log messages related to the handling of requests received by the server invoked
by the <a class="reference internal" href="../ref/django-admin.html#django-admin-runserver"><code class="xref std std-djadmin docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">runserver</span></code></a> command. HTTP 5XX responses are logged as <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ERROR</span></code>
messages, 4XX responses are logged as <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">WARNING</span></code> messages, and everything else
is logged as <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">INFO</span></code>.</p>
<p>Messages to this logger have the following extra context:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">status_code</span></code>: The HTTP response code associated with the request.</li>
<li><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">request</span></code>: The request object that generated the logging message.</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="section" id="s-django-template">
<span id="s-django-template-logger"></span><span id="django-template"></span><span id="django-template-logger"></span><h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">django.template</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#django-template" title="永久链接至标题">¶</a></h4>
<p>Log messages related to the rendering of templates.</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li>Missing context variables are logged as <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DEBUG</span></code> messages.</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="section" id="s-django-db-backends">
<span id="s-django-db-logger"></span><span id="django-db-backends"></span><span id="django-db-logger"></span><h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">django.db.backends</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#django-db-backends" title="永久链接至标题">¶</a></h4>
<p>Messages relating to the interaction of code with the database. For example,
every application-level SQL statement executed by a request is logged at the
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DEBUG</span></code> level to this logger.</p>
<p>Messages to this logger have the following extra context:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">duration</span></code>: The time taken to execute the SQL statement.</li>
<li><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sql</span></code>: The SQL statement that was executed.</li>
<li><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">params</span></code>: The parameters that were used in the SQL call.</li>
</ul>
<p>For performance reasons, SQL logging is only enabled when
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">settings.DEBUG</span></code> is set to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">True</span></code>, regardless of the logging
level or handlers that are installed.</p>
<p>This logging does not include framework-level initialization (e.g.
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SET</span> <span class="pre">TIMEZONE</span></code>) or transaction management queries (e.g. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">BEGIN</span></code>,
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">COMMIT</span></code>, and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ROLLBACK</span></code>). Turn on query logging in your database if you
wish to view all database queries.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="s-django-security">
<span id="s-django-security-logger"></span><span id="django-security"></span><span id="django-security-logger"></span><h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">django.security.*</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#django-security" title="永久链接至标题">¶</a></h4>
<p>The security loggers will receive messages on any occurrence of
<a class="reference internal" href="../ref/exceptions.html#django.core.exceptions.SuspiciousOperation" title="django.core.exceptions.SuspiciousOperation"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SuspiciousOperation</span></code></a> and other security-related
errors. There is a sub-logger for each subtype of security error, including all
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SuspiciousOperation</span></code>s. The level of the log event depends on where the
exception is handled.  Most occurrences are logged as a warning, while
any <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SuspiciousOperation</span></code> that reaches the WSGI handler will be logged as an
error. For example, when an HTTP <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Host</span></code> header is included in a request from
a client that does not match <a class="reference internal" href="../ref/settings.html#std:setting-ALLOWED_HOSTS"><code class="xref std std-setting docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ALLOWED_HOSTS</span></code></a>, Django will return a 400
response, and an error message will be logged to the
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">django.security.DisallowedHost</span></code> logger.</p>
<p>These log events will reach the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">django</span></code> logger by default, which mails error
events to admins when <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DEBUG=False</span></code>. Requests resulting in a 400 response due
to a <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SuspiciousOperation</span></code> will not be logged to the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">django.request</span></code>
logger, but only to the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">django.security</span></code> logger.</p>
<p>To silence a particular type of <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SuspiciousOperation</span></code>, you can override that
specific logger following this example:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="s1">&#39;handlers&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">{</span>
    <span class="s1">&#39;null&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">{</span>
        <span class="s1">&#39;class&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s1">&#39;logging.NullHandler&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
    <span class="p">},</span>
<span class="p">},</span>
<span class="s1">&#39;loggers&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">{</span>
    <span class="s1">&#39;django.security.DisallowedHost&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">{</span>
        <span class="s1">&#39;handlers&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;null&#39;</span><span class="p">],</span>
        <span class="s1">&#39;propagate&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="kc">False</span><span class="p">,</span>
    <span class="p">},</span>
<span class="p">},</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Other <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">django.security</span></code> loggers not based on <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SuspiciousOperation</span></code> are:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">django.security.csrf</span></code>: For <a class="reference internal" href="../ref/csrf.html#csrf-rejected-requests"><span class="std std-ref">CSRF failures</span></a>.</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="section" id="s-django-db-backends-schema">
<span id="django-db-backends-schema"></span><h4><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">django.db.backends.schema</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#django-db-backends-schema" title="永久链接至标题">¶</a></h4>
<p>Logs the SQL queries that are executed during schema changes to the database by
the <a class="reference internal" href="migrations.html"><span class="doc">migrations framework</span></a>. Note that it won't log the
queries executed by <a class="reference internal" href="../ref/migration-operations.html#django.db.migrations.operations.RunPython" title="django.db.migrations.operations.RunPython"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">RunPython</span></code></a>.
Messages to this logger have <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">params</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sql</span></code> in their extra context (but
unlike <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">django.db.backends</span></code>, not duration). The values have the same meaning
as explained in <a class="reference internal" href="#django-db-logger"><span class="std std-ref">django.db.backends</span></a>.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="s-id4">
<span id="id4"></span><h3>Handlers<a class="headerlink" href="#id4" title="永久链接至标题">¶</a></h3>
<p>Django provides one log handler in addition to those provided by the
Python logging module.</p>
<dl class="class">
<dt id="django.utils.log.AdminEmailHandler">
<em class="property">class </em><code class="descname">AdminEmailHandler</code>(<em>include_html=False</em>, <em>email_backend=None</em>, <em>reporter_class=None</em>)<a class="headerlink" href="#django.utils.log.AdminEmailHandler" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>This handler sends an email to the site <a class="reference internal" href="../ref/settings.html#std:setting-ADMINS"><code class="xref std std-setting docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ADMINS</span></code></a> for each log
message it receives.</p>
<p>If the log record contains a <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">request</span></code> attribute, the full details
of the request will be included in the email. The email subject will
include the phrase &quot;internal IP&quot; if the client's IP address is in the
<a class="reference internal" href="../ref/settings.html#std:setting-INTERNAL_IPS"><code class="xref std std-setting docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">INTERNAL_IPS</span></code></a> setting; if not, it will include &quot;EXTERNAL IP&quot;.</p>
<p>If the log record contains stack trace information, that stack
trace will be included in the email.</p>
<p>The <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">include_html</span></code> argument of <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">AdminEmailHandler</span></code> is used to
control whether the traceback email includes an HTML attachment
containing the full content of the debug Web page that would have been
produced if <a class="reference internal" href="../ref/settings.html#std:setting-DEBUG"><code class="xref std std-setting docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DEBUG</span></code></a> were <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">True</span></code>. To set this value in your
configuration, include it in the handler definition for
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">django.utils.log.AdminEmailHandler</span></code>, like this:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="s1">&#39;handlers&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">{</span>
    <span class="s1">&#39;mail_admins&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">{</span>
        <span class="s1">&#39;level&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s1">&#39;ERROR&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
        <span class="s1">&#39;class&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s1">&#39;django.utils.log.AdminEmailHandler&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
        <span class="s1">&#39;include_html&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">,</span>
    <span class="p">}</span>
<span class="p">},</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Note that this HTML version of the email contains a full traceback,
with names and values of local variables at each level of the stack, plus
the values of your Django settings. This information is potentially very
sensitive, and you may not want to send it over email. Consider using
something such as <a class="reference external" href="https://pypi.org/project/sentry/">Sentry</a> to get the best of both worlds -- the
rich information of full tracebacks plus the security of <em>not</em> sending the
information over email. You may also explicitly designate certain
sensitive information to be filtered out of error reports -- learn more on
<a class="reference internal" href="../howto/error-reporting.html#filtering-error-reports"><span class="std std-ref">Filtering error reports</span></a>.</p>
<p>By setting the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">email_backend</span></code> argument of <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">AdminEmailHandler</span></code>, the
<a class="reference internal" href="email.html#topic-email-backends"><span class="std std-ref">email backend</span></a> that is being used by the
handler can be overridden, like this:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="s1">&#39;handlers&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">{</span>
    <span class="s1">&#39;mail_admins&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">{</span>
        <span class="s1">&#39;level&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s1">&#39;ERROR&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
        <span class="s1">&#39;class&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s1">&#39;django.utils.log.AdminEmailHandler&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
        <span class="s1">&#39;email_backend&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s1">&#39;django.core.mail.backends.filebased.EmailBackend&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
    <span class="p">}</span>
<span class="p">},</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>By default, an instance of the email backend specified in
<a class="reference internal" href="../ref/settings.html#std:setting-EMAIL_BACKEND"><code class="xref std std-setting docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">EMAIL_BACKEND</span></code></a> will be used.</p>
<p>The <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">reporter_class</span></code> argument of <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">AdminEmailHandler</span></code> allows providing
an <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">django.views.debug.ExceptionReporter</span></code> subclass to customize the
traceback text sent in the email body. You provide a string import path to
the class you wish to use, like this:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="s1">&#39;handlers&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">{</span>
    <span class="s1">&#39;mail_admins&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">{</span>
        <span class="s1">&#39;level&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s1">&#39;ERROR&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
        <span class="s1">&#39;class&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s1">&#39;django.utils.log.AdminEmailHandler&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
        <span class="s1">&#39;include_html&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">,</span>
        <span class="s1">&#39;reporter_class&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s1">&#39;somepackage.error_reporter.CustomErrorReporter&#39;</span>
    <span class="p">}</span>
<span class="p">},</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="django.utils.log.AdminEmailHandler.send_mail">
<code class="descname">send_mail</code>(<em>subject</em>, <em>message</em>, <em>*args</em>, <em>**kwargs</em>)<a class="headerlink" href="#django.utils.log.AdminEmailHandler.send_mail" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Sends emails to admin users. To customize this behavior, you can
subclass the <a class="reference internal" href="#django.utils.log.AdminEmailHandler" title="django.utils.log.AdminEmailHandler"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">AdminEmailHandler</span></code></a> class and
override this method.</p>
</dd></dl>

</dd></dl>

</div>
<div class="section" id="s-id5">
<span id="id5"></span><h3>Filters<a class="headerlink" href="#id5" title="永久链接至标题">¶</a></h3>
<p>Django provides some log filters in addition to those provided by the Python
logging module.</p>
<dl class="class">
<dt id="django.utils.log.CallbackFilter">
<em class="property">class </em><code class="descname">CallbackFilter</code>(<em>callback</em>)<a class="headerlink" href="#django.utils.log.CallbackFilter" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>This filter accepts a callback function (which should accept a single
argument, the record to be logged), and calls it for each record that
passes through the filter. Handling of that record will not proceed if the
callback returns False.</p>
<p>For instance, to filter out <a class="reference internal" href="../ref/exceptions.html#django.http.UnreadablePostError" title="django.http.UnreadablePostError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">UnreadablePostError</span></code></a>
(raised when a user cancels an upload) from the admin emails, you would
create a filter function:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">django.http</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">UnreadablePostError</span>

<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">skip_unreadable_post</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">record</span><span class="p">):</span>
    <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">record</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">exc_info</span><span class="p">:</span>
        <span class="n">exc_type</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">exc_value</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">record</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">exc_info</span><span class="p">[:</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">]</span>
        <span class="k">if</span> <span class="nb">isinstance</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">exc_value</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">UnreadablePostError</span><span class="p">):</span>
            <span class="k">return</span> <span class="kc">False</span>
    <span class="k">return</span> <span class="kc">True</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>and then add it to your logging config:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="s1">&#39;filters&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">{</span>
    <span class="s1">&#39;skip_unreadable_posts&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">{</span>
        <span class="s1">&#39;()&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s1">&#39;django.utils.log.CallbackFilter&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
        <span class="s1">&#39;callback&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">skip_unreadable_post</span><span class="p">,</span>
    <span class="p">}</span>
<span class="p">},</span>
<span class="s1">&#39;handlers&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">{</span>
    <span class="s1">&#39;mail_admins&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">{</span>
        <span class="s1">&#39;level&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s1">&#39;ERROR&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
        <span class="s1">&#39;filters&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;skip_unreadable_posts&#39;</span><span class="p">],</span>
        <span class="s1">&#39;class&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s1">&#39;django.utils.log.AdminEmailHandler&#39;</span>
    <span class="p">}</span>
<span class="p">},</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="class">
<dt id="django.utils.log.RequireDebugFalse">
<em class="property">class </em><code class="descname">RequireDebugFalse</code><a class="headerlink" href="#django.utils.log.RequireDebugFalse" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>This filter will only pass on records when settings.DEBUG is False.</p>
<p>This filter is used as follows in the default <a class="reference internal" href="../ref/settings.html#std:setting-LOGGING"><code class="xref std std-setting docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">LOGGING</span></code></a>
configuration to ensure that the <a class="reference internal" href="#django.utils.log.AdminEmailHandler" title="django.utils.log.AdminEmailHandler"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">AdminEmailHandler</span></code></a> only sends
error emails to admins when <a class="reference internal" href="../ref/settings.html#std:setting-DEBUG"><code class="xref std std-setting docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DEBUG</span></code></a> is <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">False</span></code>:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="s1">&#39;filters&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">{</span>
    <span class="s1">&#39;require_debug_false&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">{</span>
        <span class="s1">&#39;()&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s1">&#39;django.utils.log.RequireDebugFalse&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
    <span class="p">}</span>
<span class="p">},</span>
<span class="s1">&#39;handlers&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">{</span>
    <span class="s1">&#39;mail_admins&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">{</span>
        <span class="s1">&#39;level&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s1">&#39;ERROR&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
        <span class="s1">&#39;filters&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;require_debug_false&#39;</span><span class="p">],</span>
        <span class="s1">&#39;class&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s1">&#39;django.utils.log.AdminEmailHandler&#39;</span>
    <span class="p">}</span>
<span class="p">},</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="class">
<dt id="django.utils.log.RequireDebugTrue">
<em class="property">class </em><code class="descname">RequireDebugTrue</code><a class="headerlink" href="#django.utils.log.RequireDebugTrue" title="永久链接至目标">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>This filter is similar to <a class="reference internal" href="#django.utils.log.RequireDebugFalse" title="django.utils.log.RequireDebugFalse"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">RequireDebugFalse</span></code></a>, except that records are
passed only when <a class="reference internal" href="../ref/settings.html#std:setting-DEBUG"><code class="xref std std-setting docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DEBUG</span></code></a> is <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">True</span></code>.</p>
</dd></dl>

</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="s-django-s-default-logging-configuration">
<span id="s-default-logging-configuration"></span><span id="django-s-default-logging-configuration"></span><span id="default-logging-configuration"></span><h2>Django's default logging configuration<a class="headerlink" href="#django-s-default-logging-configuration" title="永久链接至标题">¶</a></h2>
<p>By default, Django configures the following logging:</p>
<p>When <a class="reference internal" href="../ref/settings.html#std:setting-DEBUG"><code class="xref std std-setting docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DEBUG</span></code></a> is <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">True</span></code>:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li>The <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">django</span></code> logger sends messages in the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">django</span></code> hierarchy (except
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">django.server</span></code>) at the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">INFO</span></code> level or higher to the console.</li>
</ul>
<p>When <a class="reference internal" href="../ref/settings.html#std:setting-DEBUG"><code class="xref std std-setting docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DEBUG</span></code></a> is <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">False</span></code>:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li>The <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">django</span></code> logger sends messages in the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">django</span></code> hierarchy (except
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">django.server</span></code>)  with <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ERROR</span></code> or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">CRITICAL</span></code> level to
<a class="reference internal" href="#django.utils.log.AdminEmailHandler" title="django.utils.log.AdminEmailHandler"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">AdminEmailHandler</span></code></a>.</li>
</ul>
<p>Independent of the value of <a class="reference internal" href="../ref/settings.html#std:setting-DEBUG"><code class="xref std std-setting docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DEBUG</span></code></a>:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li>The <a class="reference internal" href="#django-server-logger"><span class="std std-ref">django.server</span></a> logger sends messages at the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">INFO</span></code> level
or higher to the console.</li>
</ul>
<p>All loggers except <a class="reference internal" href="#django-server-logger"><span class="std std-ref">django.server</span></a> propagate logging to their
parents, up to the root <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">django</span></code> logger. The <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">console</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">mail_admins</span></code>
handlers are attached to the root logger to provide the behavior described
above.</p>
<p>See also <a class="reference internal" href="#configuring-logging"><span class="std std-ref">Configuring logging</span></a> to learn how you can
complement or replace this default logging configuration defined in
<a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/django/django/blob/main/django/utils/log.py">django/utils/log.py</a>.</p>
</div>
</div>


          </div>
        </div>
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          <div class="yui-b" id="sidebar">
            
      <div class="sphinxsidebar" role="navigation" aria-label="main navigation">
        <div class="sphinxsidebarwrapper">
  <h3><a href="../contents.html">Table of Contents</a></h3>
  <ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#">Logging</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#a-quick-logging-primer">A quick logging primer</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#the-cast-of-players">The cast of players</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#loggers">Loggers</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#handlers">Handlers</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#filters">Filters</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#formatters">Formatters</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#using-logging">Using logging</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#naming-loggers">Naming loggers</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#making-logging-calls">Making logging calls</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#configuring-logging">Configuring logging</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#examples">Examples</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#custom-logging-configuration">Custom logging configuration</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#disabling-logging-configuration">Disabling logging configuration</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#django-s-logging-extensions">Django's logging extensions</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id3">Loggers</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#django"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">django</span></code></a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#django-request"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">django.request</span></code></a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#django-server"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">django.server</span></code></a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#django-template"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">django.template</span></code></a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#django-db-backends"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">django.db.backends</span></code></a></li>
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#django-s-default-logging-configuration">Django's default logging configuration</a></li>
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